Lesson 10 of 55
9 mins readCase Expressions (case of)
In Plain English
While function pattern matching happens at function definition headers, case expressions allow matching data shapes anywhere inside arbitrary expressions.
Deep Dive: How It Works
case Syntax: case expression of pattern1 -> result1; pattern2 -> result2.
Syntactic Equivalence: Pattern matching in function arguments is syntactic sugar for a top-level case expression.
Core Rules to Remember
Inline Pattern Matching: Match on intermediate computed values anywhere in your code.
Uniform Types: All branches of a case expression must evaluate to the same return type.
Live Interactive Example
Hit Run Code to see it liveDescribing Lists with Case Expressions
Python 3.12
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Output Console
Click "Run Code" to view the rendered output.
How it works: case matches empty [], single [_], and catch-all _.
Your Turn: Micro Challenge
No pressure! Edit the starter code below and test your solution with instant feedback.
Micro Exercise
Inspect First Element with Case
- Define `firstOrZero list = case list of [] -> 0; (x:_) -> x`.
- Print `"First: "` followed by `show (firstOrZero [99, 100])`.
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Sandbox Output
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